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Internet Archive Books. Scanned in China. Conflict The essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflicts we encounter can usually be identified as one of four kinds. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax. Crisis The conflict reaches a turning point. At this point the opposing forces in the story meet and the conflict becomes most intense.
The crisis occurs before or at the same time as the climax. Climax The climax is the result of the crisis. It is the high point of the story for the reader. Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The point at which the outcome of the conflict can be predicted. Falling Action The events after the climax which close the story. Resolution Denouement Rounds out and concludes the action. They have good and bad qualities.
Their goals, ambitions and values change. A round character changes as a result of what happens to him or her. A dynamic character grows or progresses to a higher level of understanding in the course of the story. Protagonist Antagonist Foil The main character in the The character or force A character who story that opposes the provides a contrast to protagonist. They have only one or two striking qualities.
Their predominant quality is not balanced by an opposite quality. They are usually all good or all bad. Such characters can be interesting or amusing in their own right, but they lack depth.
Third-Person Objective The narrator is an outsider who can report only what he or she sees and hears. Third-Person Limited The narrator is an outsider who sees into the mind of one of the characters. Omniscient The narrator is an all-knowing outsider who can enter the minds of more than one of the characters. Man versus Nature A run-in with the forces of nature.
On the one hand, it expresses the insignificance of a single human life in the cosmic scheme of things. Man versus Society The values and customs by which everyone else lives are being challenged.
The character may come to an untimely end as a result of his or her own convictions. The character may, on the other hand, bring others around to a sympathetic point of view, or it may be decided that society was right after all.
Man versus Self Internal conflict. Not all conflict involves other people. Sometimes people are their own worst enemies. Does he give in to temptation or rise above it? Does he demand the most from himself or settle for something less? Does he even bother to struggle? Often, more than one kind of conflict is taking place at the same time. Not all foreshadowing is obvious. Frequently, future events are merely hinted at through dialogue, description, or the attitudes and reactions of the characters.
Foreshadowing frequently serves two purposes. It builds suspense by raising questions that encourage the reader to go on and find out more about the event that is being foreshadowed. Foreshadowing is also a means of making a narrative more believable by partially preparing the reader for events which are to follow.
Irony of Situation This refers to a happening that is the opposite of what is expected or intended. Dramatic Irony This occurs when the audience or reader knows more than the characters know.
Some possible attitudes are pessimism, optimism, earnestness, seriousness, bitterness, humorous, and joyful. Mood The climate of feeling in a literary work. The choice of setting, objects, details, images, and words all contribute towards creating a specific mood. For example, an author may create a mood of mystery around a character or setting but may treat that character or setting in an ironic, serious, or humorous tone SYMBOLISM A person, place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well.
Things, characters and actions can be symbols.
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